This commit is contained in:
Ronaldson Bellande 2024-09-14 03:50:14 -04:00
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- Environment variables - Environment variables
- redirection support - redirection support
## BELLOS Usage
```
#!/usr/bin/env bellos
# File: hello_world.bellos
# Simple Hello World script
echo "Hello, World!"
# Using variables
name="Bellos"
echo "Welcome to $name programming!"
# ----------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env bellos
# File: basic_math.bellos
# Demonstrating arithmetic operations
a=5
b=3
sum=$((a + b))
difference=$((a - b))
product=$((a * b))
quotient=$((a / b))
echo "Sum: $sum"
echo "Difference: $difference"
echo "Product: $product"
echo "Quotient: $quotient"
# ----------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env bellos
# File: control_structures.bellos
# Demonstrating if statements and loops
# If statement
if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
echo "No arguments provided"
elif [ $# -eq 1 ]
then
echo "One argument provided: $1"
else
echo "Multiple arguments provided"
fi
# For loop
echo "Counting from 1 to 5:"
for i in 1 2 3 4 5
do
echo $i
done
# While loop
echo "Countdown:"
count=5
while [ $count -gt 0 ]
do
echo $count
count=$((count - 1))
done
# ----------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env bellos
# File: functions.bellos
# Defining and using functions
function greet() {
echo "Hello, $1!"
}
function add() {
echo $(($1 + $2))
}
# Calling functions
greet "User"
result=$(add 3 4)
echo "3 + 4 = $result"
# ----------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env bellos
# File: file_operations.bellos
# Demonstrating file operations
# Writing to a file
echo "This is a test file" > test.txt
echo "Adding another line" >> test.txt
# Reading from a file
echo "Contents of test.txt:"
cat test.txt
# Using a while loop to read file line by line
echo "Reading file line by line:"
while read -r line
do
echo "Line: $line"
done < test.txt
# Cleaning up
rm test.txt
# ----------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env bellos
# File: string_manipulation.bellos
# Demonstrating string manipulation
string="Hello, Bellos!"
# String length
echo "Length of string: ${#string}"
# Substring
echo "First 5 characters: ${string:0:5}"
# String replacement
new_string=${string/Bellos/World}
echo "Replaced string: $new_string"
# Converting to uppercase
echo "Uppercase: ${string^^}"
# Converting to lowercase
echo "Lowercase: ${string,,}"
```
## Website NPM
- https://crates.io/crates/bellos
### Installation
- `cargo add bellos`
```
Name: bellos
Version: 0.0.1
Summary: Bellande Operating System Scripting Programming Language
Home-page: github.com/RonaldsonBellande/bellos
Author: Ronaldson Bellande
Author-email: ronaldsonbellande@gmail.com
License: GNU General Public License v3.0
```
## License ## License

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// Copyright (C) 2024 Bellande Architecture Mechanism Research Innovation Center, Ronaldson Bellande
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
use glob::glob;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::env;
use std::fs::{self, File};
use std::io::{self, Read, Write};
use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
use std::process::{Child, Command, Stdio};
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::thread;
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
enum Token {
Word(String),
Assignment,
Pipe,
Redirect(String),
LeftParen,
RightParen,
Semicolon,
NewLine,
If,
Then,
Else,
Fi,
While,
Do,
Done,
For,
In,
Function,
Ampersand,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
enum ASTNode {
Command {
name: String,
args: Vec<String>,
},
Assignment {
name: String,
value: String,
},
Pipeline(Vec<ASTNode>),
Redirect {
node: Box<ASTNode>,
direction: String,
target: String,
},
Block(Vec<ASTNode>),
If {
condition: Box<ASTNode>,
then_block: Box<ASTNode>,
else_block: Option<Box<ASTNode>>,
},
While {
condition: Box<ASTNode>,
block: Box<ASTNode>,
},
For {
var: String,
list: Vec<String>,
block: Box<ASTNode>,
},
Function {
name: String,
body: Box<ASTNode>,
},
Background(Box<ASTNode>),
}
struct Lexer {
input: Vec<char>,
position: usize,
}
impl Lexer {
fn new(input: String) -> Self {
Lexer {
input: input.chars().collect(),
position: 0,
}
}
fn next_token(&mut self) -> Option<Token> {
self.skip_whitespace();
if self.position >= self.input.len() {
return None;
}
match self.input[self.position] {
'=' => {
self.position += 1;
Some(Token::Assignment)
}
'|' => {
self.position += 1;
Some(Token::Pipe)
}
'>' => {
self.position += 1;
Some(Token::Redirect(">".to_string()))
}
'<' => {
self.position += 1;
Some(Token::Redirect("<".to_string()))
}
'(' => {
self.position += 1;
Some(Token::LeftParen)
}
')' => {
self.position += 1;
Some(Token::RightParen)
}
';' => {
self.position += 1;
Some(Token::Semicolon)
}
'\n' => {
self.position += 1;
Some(Token::NewLine)
}
'&' => {
self.position += 1;
Some(Token::Ampersand)
}
'"' => Some(self.read_string()),
_ => Some(self.read_word()),
}
}
fn skip_whitespace(&mut self) {
while self.position < self.input.len() && self.input[self.position].is_whitespace() {
self.position += 1;
}
}
fn read_word(&mut self) -> Token {
let start = self.position;
while self.position < self.input.len()
&& !self.input[self.position].is_whitespace()
&& !matches!(
self.input[self.position],
'=' | '|' | '>' | '<' | '(' | ')' | ';' | '&' | '\n'
)
{
self.position += 1;
}
let word: String = self.input[start..self.position].iter().collect();
match word.as_str() {
"if" => Token::If,
"then" => Token::Then,
"else" => Token::Else,
"fi" => Token::Fi,
"while" => Token::While,
"do" => Token::Do,
"done" => Token::Done,
"for" => Token::For,
"in" => Token::In,
"function" => Token::Function,
_ => Token::Word(word),
}
}
fn read_string(&mut self) -> Token {
self.position += 1; // Skip opening quote
let start = self.position;
while self.position < self.input.len() && self.input[self.position] != '"' {
self.position += 1;
}
let result = Token::Word(self.input[start..self.position].iter().collect());
self.position += 1; // Skip closing quote
result
}
}
struct Parser {
tokens: Vec<Token>,
position: usize,
}
impl Parser {
fn new(tokens: Vec<Token>) -> Self {
Parser {
tokens,
position: 0,
}
}
fn parse(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<ASTNode>, String> {
let mut nodes = Vec::new();
while self.position < self.tokens.len() {
nodes.push(self.parse_statement()?);
self.consume_if(Token::Semicolon);
self.consume_if(Token::NewLine);
}
Ok(nodes)
}
fn parse_statement(&mut self) -> Result<ASTNode, String> {
match &self.tokens[self.position] {
Token::Word(_) => self.parse_command_or_assignment(),
Token::LeftParen => self.parse_block(),
Token::If => self.parse_if(),
Token::While => self.parse_while(),
Token::For => self.parse_for(),
Token::Function => self.parse_function(),
_ => Err(format!(
"Unexpected token: {:?}",
self.tokens[self.position]
)),
}
}
fn parse_command_or_assignment(&mut self) -> Result<ASTNode, String> {
let name = match &self.tokens[self.position] {
Token::Word(w) => w.clone(),
_ => {
return Err(format!(
"Expected word, found {:?}",
self.tokens[self.position]
))
}
};
self.position += 1;
if self.position < self.tokens.len() && self.tokens[self.position] == Token::Assignment {
self.position += 1;
let value = match &self.tokens[self.position] {
Token::Word(w) => w.clone(),
_ => {
return Err(format!(
"Expected word after assignment, found {:?}",
self.tokens[self.position]
))
}
};
self.position += 1;
Ok(ASTNode::Assignment { name, value })
} else {
let mut args = Vec::new();
while self.position < self.tokens.len()
&& !matches!(
self.tokens[self.position],
Token::Pipe
| Token::Redirect(_)
| Token::Semicolon
| Token::NewLine
| Token::Ampersand
)
{
if let Token::Word(w) = &self.tokens[self.position] {
args.push(w.clone());
self.position += 1;
} else {
break;
}
}
let command = ASTNode::Command { name, args };
self.parse_pipeline_or_redirect(command)
}
}
fn parse_pipeline_or_redirect(&mut self, left: ASTNode) -> Result<ASTNode, String> {
if self.position >= self.tokens.len() {
return Ok(left);
}
match &self.tokens[self.position] {
Token::Pipe => {
self.position += 1;
let right = self.parse_command_or_assignment()?;
let pipeline = ASTNode::Pipeline(vec![left, right]);
self.parse_pipeline_or_redirect(pipeline)
}
Token::Redirect(direction) => {
self.position += 1;
let target = match &self.tokens[self.position] {
Token::Word(w) => w.clone(),
_ => {
return Err(format!(
"Expected word after redirect, found {:?}",
self.tokens[self.position]
))
}
};
self.position += 1;
let redirect = ASTNode::Redirect {
node: Box::new(left),
direction: direction.clone(),
target,
};
self.parse_pipeline_or_redirect(redirect)
}
Token::Ampersand => {
self.position += 1;
Ok(ASTNode::Background(Box::new(left)))
}
_ => Ok(left),
}
}
fn parse_block(&mut self) -> Result<ASTNode, String> {
self.position += 1; // Consume left paren
let mut statements = Vec::new();
while self.position < self.tokens.len() && self.tokens[self.position] != Token::RightParen {
statements.push(self.parse_statement()?);
self.consume_if(Token::Semicolon);
self.consume_if(Token::NewLine);
}
self.position += 1; // Consume right paren
Ok(ASTNode::Block(statements))
}
fn parse_if(&mut self) -> Result<ASTNode, String> {
self.position += 1; // Consume 'if'
let condition = Box::new(self.parse_statement()?);
self.expect_token(Token::Then)?;
let then_block = Box::new(self.parse_block()?);
let else_block = if self.consume_if(Token::Else) {
Some(Box::new(self.parse_block()?))
} else {
None
};
self.expect_token(Token::Fi)?;
Ok(ASTNode::If {
condition,
then_block,
else_block,
})
}
fn parse_while(&mut self) -> Result<ASTNode, String> {
self.position += 1; // Consume 'while'
let condition = Box::new(self.parse_statement()?);
self.expect_token(Token::Do)?;
let block = Box::new(self.parse_block()?);
self.expect_token(Token::Done)?;
Ok(ASTNode::While { condition, block })
}
fn parse_for(&mut self) -> Result<ASTNode, String> {
self.position += 1; // Consume 'for'
let var = match &self.tokens[self.position] {
Token::Word(w) => w.clone(),
_ => {
return Err(format!(
"Expected variable name after 'for', found {:?}",
self.tokens[self.position]
))
}
};
self.position += 1;
self.expect_token(Token::In)?;
let mut list = Vec::new();
while self.position < self.tokens.len() && self.tokens[self.position] != Token::Do {
if let Token::Word(w) = &self.tokens[self.position] {
list.push(w.clone());
self.position += 1;
} else {
break;
}
}
self.expect_token(Token::Do)?;
let block = Box::new(self.parse_block()?);
self.expect_token(Token::Done)?;
Ok(ASTNode::For { var, list, block })
}
fn parse_function(&mut self) -> Result<ASTNode, String> {
self.position += 1; // Consume 'function'
let name = match &self.tokens[self.position] {
Token::Word(w) => w.clone(),
_ => {
return Err(format!(
"Expected function name, found {:?}",
self.tokens[self.position]
))
}
};
self.position += 1;
let body = Box::new(self.parse_block()?);
Ok(ASTNode::Function { name, body })
}
fn expect_token(&mut self, expected: Token) -> Result<(), String> {
if self.position < self.tokens.len() && self.tokens[self.position] == expected {
self.position += 1;
Ok(())
} else {
Err(format!(
"Expected {:?}, found {:?}",
expected,
self.tokens.get(self.position)
))
}
}
fn consume_if(&mut self, token: Token) -> bool {
if self.position < self.tokens.len() && self.tokens[self.position] == token {
self.position += 1;
true
} else {
false
}
}
}
struct Interpreter {
variables: HashMap<String, String>,
functions: HashMap<String, ASTNode>,
background_jobs: Arc<Mutex<Vec<Child>>>,
}
impl Interpreter {
fn new() -> Self {
Interpreter {
variables: HashMap::new(),
functions: HashMap::new(),
background_jobs: Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new())),
}
}
fn interpret(&mut self, nodes: Vec<ASTNode>) -> Result<(), String> {
for node in nodes {
self.interpret_node(Box::new(node))?;
}
Ok(())
}
fn interpret_node(&mut self, node: Box<ASTNode>) -> Result<Option<i32>, String> {
match *node {
ASTNode::Command { name, args } => self.execute_command(name, args),
ASTNode::Assignment { name, value } => {
self.variables.insert(name, self.expand_variables(&value));
Ok(None)
}
ASTNode::Pipeline(commands) => self.execute_pipeline(commands),
ASTNode::Redirect {
node,
direction,
target,
} => self.execute_redirect(*node, direction, target),
ASTNode::Block(statements) => {
for statement in statements {
self.interpret_node(Box::new(statement))?;
}
Ok(None)
}
ASTNode::If {
condition,
then_block,
else_block,
} => {
if self.interpret_node(Box::new(*condition))? == Some(0) {
self.interpret_node(Box::new(*then_block))
} else if let Some(else_block) = else_block {
self.interpret_node(Box::new(*else_block))
} else {
Ok(None)
}
}
ASTNode::While { condition, block } => {
while self.interpret_node(Box::new(*condition.clone()))? == Some(0) {
self.interpret_node(Box::new(*block.clone()))?;
}
Ok(None)
}
ASTNode::For { var, list, block } => {
for item in list {
self.variables.insert(var.clone(), item);
self.interpret_node(Box::new(*block.clone()))?;
}
Ok(None)
}
ASTNode::Function { name, body } => {
self.functions.insert(name, *body);
Ok(None)
}
ASTNode::Background(node) => {
let bg_jobs = Arc::clone(&self.background_jobs);
thread::spawn(move || {
let mut interpreter = Interpreter::new();
interpreter.background_jobs = bg_jobs;
if let Err(e) = interpreter.interpret_node(node) {
eprintln!("Background job error: {}", e);
}
});
Ok(None)
}
}
}
fn execute_command(&mut self, name: String, args: Vec<String>) -> Result<Option<i32>, String> {
let expanded_args: Vec<String> =
args.iter().map(|arg| self.expand_variables(arg)).collect();
match name.as_str() {
"echo" => {
println!("{}", expanded_args.join(" "));
Ok(Some(0))
}
"cd" => {
let path = if expanded_args.is_empty() {
env::var("HOME").unwrap_or_else(|_| ".".to_string())
} else {
expanded_args[0].clone()
};
if let Err(e) = env::set_current_dir(&path) {
Err(format!("cd: {}", e))
} else {
Ok(Some(0))
}
}
"exit" => std::process::exit(0),
"export" => {
for arg in expanded_args {
let parts: Vec<&str> = arg.splitn(2, '=').collect();
if parts.len() == 2 {
env::set_var(parts[0], parts[1]);
}
}
Ok(Some(0))
}
"jobs" => {
let jobs = self.background_jobs.lock().unwrap();
for (i, _) in jobs.iter().enumerate() {
println!("[{}] Running", i + 1);
}
Ok(Some(0))
}
_ => {
if let Some(func) = self.functions.get(&name) {
return self.interpret_node(Box::new(func.clone()));
}
let expanded_name = self.expand_variables(&name);
match Command::new(&expanded_name).args(&expanded_args).spawn() {
Ok(mut child) => {
let status = child.wait().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
Ok(Some(status.code().unwrap_or(0)))
}
Err(e) => Err(format!("Failed to execute command: {}", e)),
}
}
}
}
fn execute_pipeline(&mut self, commands: Vec<ASTNode>) -> Result<Option<i32>, String> {
let mut previous_stdout = None;
let mut processes = Vec::new();
for (i, command) in commands.iter().enumerate() {
match command {
ASTNode::Command { name, args } => {
let mut cmd = Command::new(self.expand_variables(name));
for arg in args {
cmd.arg(self.expand_variables(arg));
}
if let Some(prev_stdout) = previous_stdout.take() {
cmd.stdin(prev_stdout);
}
if i < commands.len() - 1 {
cmd.stdout(Stdio::piped());
}
let mut child = cmd.spawn().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
if i < commands.len() - 1 {
previous_stdout = child.stdout.take();
}
processes.push(child);
}
_ => return Err("Pipeline can only contain commands".to_string()),
}
}
let mut last_status = None;
for mut process in processes {
let status = process.wait().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
last_status = Some(status.code().unwrap_or(0));
}
Ok(last_status)
}
fn execute_redirect(
&mut self,
node: ASTNode,
direction: String,
target: String,
) -> Result<Option<i32>, String> {
let target = self.expand_variables(&target);
match direction.as_str() {
">" => {
let mut file = File::create(&target).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
let result = self.capture_output(Box::new(node))?;
file.write_all(result.as_bytes())
.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
print!("{}", result);
Ok(Some(0))
}
"<" => {
let mut file = File::open(&target).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
let mut input = String::new();
file.read_to_string(&mut input).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
self.execute_with_input(Box::new(node), input)
}
_ => Err(format!("Unsupported redirection: {}", direction)),
}
}
fn capture_output(&mut self, node: Box<ASTNode>) -> Result<String, String> {
let old_stdout = io::stdout();
let mut handle = old_stdout.lock();
let mut buffer = Vec::new();
{
let mut cursor = io::Cursor::new(&mut buffer);
let result = self.interpret_node(node)?;
write!(cursor, "{:?}", result).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
}
handle.write_all(&buffer).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
String::from_utf8(buffer).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
}
fn execute_with_input(
&mut self,
node: Box<ASTNode>,
input: String,
) -> Result<Option<i32>, String> {
// Create a temporary file to store the input
let mut temp_file = tempfile::NamedTempFile::new().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
temp_file
.write_all(input.as_bytes())
.map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
temp_file.flush().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
// Reopen the temp file as read-only
let input_file = File::open(temp_file.path()).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
// Replace stdin with our temp file
let stdin = io::stdin();
let old_stdin = stdin.lock();
let new_stdin = unsafe {
use std::os::unix::io::FromRawFd;
std::fs::File::from_raw_fd(input_file.as_raw_fd())
};
// Execute the node with the new stdin
let result = self.interpret_node(node);
// Restore the old stdin
drop(new_stdin);
drop(old_stdin);
result
}
fn expand_variables(&self, input: &str) -> String {
let mut result = String::new();
let mut chars = input.chars().peekable();
while let Some(c) = chars.next() {
if c == '$' && chars.peek().map_or(false, |&next| next != ' ') {
let var_name: String = chars
.by_ref()
.take_while(|&c| c.is_alphanumeric() || c == '_')
.collect();
if var_name == "*" || var_name == "@" {
// Expand to all arguments
result.push_str(&env::args().skip(1).collect::<Vec<String>>().join(" "));
} else if let Ok(value) = env::var(&var_name) {
result.push_str(&value);
} else if let Some(value) = self.variables.get(&var_name) {
result.push_str(value);
}
} else if c == '~' && (chars.peek().is_none() || chars.peek() == Some(&'/')) {
if let Ok(home) = env::var("HOME") {
result.push_str(&home);
} else {
result.push(c);
}
} else {
result.push(c);
}
}
result
}
fn expand_wildcards(&self, pattern: &str) -> Vec<String> {
match glob(pattern) {
Ok(paths) => paths
.filter_map(Result::ok)
.map(|path| path.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
.collect(),
Err(_) => vec![pattern.to_string()],
}
}
}
fn main() -> Result<(), String> {
let mut interpreter = Interpreter::new();
let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
if args.len() > 1 {
// Execute script file
let filename = &args[1];
let content = fs::read_to_string(filename)
.map_err(|e| format!("Error reading file {}: {}", filename, e))?;
let lexer = Lexer::new(content);
let tokens: Vec<Token> = lexer.into_iter().collect();
let mut parser = Parser::new(tokens);
let ast = parser.parse()?;
interpreter.interpret(ast)?;
} else {
// Interactive mode
loop {
print!("bellos> ");
io::stdout().flush().unwrap();
let mut input = String::new();
io::stdin().read_line(&mut input).unwrap();
if input.trim().is_empty() {
continue;
}
let lexer = Lexer::new(input);
let tokens: Vec<Token> = lexer.into_iter().collect();
let mut parser = Parser::new(tokens);
match parser.parse() {
Ok(ast) => {
if let Err(e) = interpreter.interpret(ast) {
eprintln!("Error: {}", e);
}
}
Err(e) => eprintln!("Parse error: {}", e),
}
}
}
Ok(())
}
impl Iterator for Lexer {
type Item = Token;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
self.next_token()
}
}