#!/usr/bin/env bellos
# File: string_manipulation.bellos

# Demonstrating string manipulation

# String concatenation
str1="Hello"
str2="World"
concat="$str1 $str2"
echo "Concatenated string: $concat"

# String length
echo "Length of '$concat': ${#concat}"

# Substring extraction
echo "Substring (index 0-4): ${concat:0:5}"
echo "Substring (from index 6): ${concat:6}"

# String replacement
sentence="The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
echo "Original sentence: $sentence"
replaced=${sentence/fox/cat}
echo "After replacing 'fox' with 'cat': $replaced"

# Replace all occurrences
many_the="the the the dog the cat the mouse"
replaced_all=${many_the//the/a}
echo "Replace all 'the' with 'a': $replaced_all"

# String to uppercase
uppercase=${sentence^^}
echo "Uppercase: $uppercase"

# String to lowercase
lowercase=${sentence,,}
echo "Lowercase: $lowercase"

# Check if string contains substring
if [[ $sentence == *"fox"* ]]; then
    echo "The sentence contains 'fox'"
else
    echo "The sentence does not contain 'fox'"
fi

# Split string into array
IFS=' ' read -ra words <<< "$sentence"
echo "Words in the sentence:"
for word in "${words[@]}"; do
    echo "  $word"
done

# Join array elements into string
joined=$(IFS=", "; echo "${words[*]}")
echo "Joined words: $joined"

# Trim whitespace
whitespace_string="   trim me   "
trimmed_string=$(echo $whitespace_string | xargs)
echo "Original string: '$whitespace_string'"
echo "Trimmed string: '$trimmed_string'"

# String comparison
str_a="apple"
str_b="banana"
if [[ $str_a < $str_b ]]; then
    echo "$str_a comes before $str_b alphabetically"
else
    echo "$str_b comes before $str_a alphabetically"
fi